实战专项：举例信号与开放列举范围

唯一新困难：举例范围

for example 给出类别中的一个实例，including 表示列举但通常不穷尽，namely 则更接近具体说明。选项常把一个例子扩大成全部，或把开放列举误成完整清单。

自拟短文

Flexible schedules can reduce barriers for workers with caring responsibilities. For example, a parent may shift an early meeting to attend a medical appointment with a child. Other workers may use the same flexibility for elder care or recurring treatment of their own.

题目：Why does the author mention a parent's medical appointment?

A. To define the only acceptable use of flexible schedules.
B. To illustrate one way flexibility can reduce a caring barrier.
C. To argue that all meetings should be cancelled.
D. To show that elder care is unimportant.

层级关系

上位观点是灵活安排减少照护障碍，家长例子只是一个实例，B 正确。后句列出其他用途，进一步证明清单开放。

A 把 example 改成 only；C 从移动一次会议扩大到取消全部；D 与后句 elder care 例子相反。

例子与类别

正确选项常回到上位类别，不应被例中具体人物、时间或事件锁死。若题干问“哪些人受益”，则需要合并 parent、elder care、own treatment，而不能只答父母。

迁移练习

including buses and trains 是否意味着只包含公交与火车？

**答案：**通常不意味着；including 引出代表性成员，除非上下文另有封闭限定。

独立动作验收

画出“上位观点—例子—其他并列实例”，并解释 A 如何把开放集合封闭化。