2015—2016 语境词义:句法、解释与对比线索
约 50 分钟
能力目标:在语境中确定词义
猜词题不是考词典记忆,而是利用句法位置、同义反义、因果结果和段落功能缩小含义。正确动作是先把陌生词替换成一个“功能占位符”,再由上下文求它应该表达的方向和范围。
自拟短文
The first version of the safety rule was rigid: every laboratory had to follow exactly the same procedure. After researchers showed that equipment differed greatly across sites, the agency adopted a more flexible standard. It specified the result that laboratories must achieve but allowed them to choose suitable methods.
题目:The word rigid is closest in meaning to:
A. difficult to understand
B. unwilling to allow variation
C. designed for old equipment
D. easy to ignore
三层求义
第一层看句法:rigid 是形容词,评价 rule。第二层看冒号后的解释:所有实验室必须严格遵守同一程序,说明它不允许差异。第三层看后文对比:新标准 more flexible,因此 rigid 与 flexible 方向相反。B 同时满足三层。
A 把“严格”偷换成“难理解”;C 借用了 equipment 却添加“旧”;D 与 had to follow 冲突。猜词时不能因为某个选项与段内名词共现就选择它。
代回校验
把 B 代回:“第一版规则不愿允许变化:每个实验室必须采用完全相同程序。”逻辑顺畅。代入 A 后,冒号后的统一程序并不能解释“难理解”,因此淘汰。
迁移练习
若下文写 The later policy was less prescriptive,prescriptive 在此更接近“规定具体做法”还是“提出建议”?
**答案:**规定具体做法。specified the result but allowed methods 表明新政策减少了对过程的硬性规定。
独立动作验收
写出 rigid 的词性、解释线索、反义线索和代回结果。缺少任一项就说明仍在凭熟义猜测。
Practice
本课练习
先独立作答再提交;编程题会在隔离沙箱中真实编译、运行并对拍。