2017—2018 指代链：名词回指与命题回指

能力目标：追踪指代链

it / they / this / such a change 可能回指一个名词，也可能概括前一句完整事件。判断时依次检查单复数、语义类别、句法角色和篇章焦点，不能只选择距离最近的名词。

自拟短文

A city required restaurants to display the amount of food they discarded each week. Owners initially feared that customers would treat the figures as proof of poor management. This did not happen. Instead, the public reports encouraged restaurants to compare practices, and several began sharing unused ingredients with local charities. The change also gave inspectors better evidence about where waste occurred.

题目：What does This in the third sentence refer to?

A. Restaurants displaying weekly waste figures.
B. Customers judging the figures as evidence of poor management.
C. Charities receiving unused ingredients.
D. Inspectors collecting better evidence.

回指步骤

This did not happen 需要回指一个预期事件。前句主干是 owners feared X，X 的内容是顾客会把数据视为管理不善证明。因此 B 正确。A 是已经发生的政策动作，不能与 did not happen 相容；C、D 出现在后文，时间方向也不可能。

名词回指与命题回指

末句 The change 不是只指 sharing ingredients，而是概括公开报告带来的实践变化。若题目问它，可从篇章焦点判断：整段持续讨论公开数据如何改变餐馆行为和监管证据。

指代造成的干扰项

错误选项常把代词最近的名词当先行项，或把整句事件缩成其中一个参与者。做题时在代词旁写“名词/事件”，先判断它需要哪类先行项。

独立练习

句子 Several restaurants changed their ordering systems, which reduced waste. 中 which 更可能回指什么？

**答案：**前面整个“改变订货系统”的事件，因为它造成 reduced waste；不是只回指 systems 的名称。

独立动作验收

为 This 写出完整回指命题，并用“时间方向”和“语义相容”分别排除一个错项。