被动语态

被动语态是 KET 不考、PET 必考的第一项，也是最容易掌握的一项。

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什么时候用被动

中文说「桥建于 1985 年」，不说「人们在 1985 年建了这座桥」。英语一样——当动作的执行者不重要、不知道、或不言自明时，用被动。

• 不重要：The bridge was built in 1985.（谁建的不重要）
• 不知道：My bike was stolen.（不知道谁偷的）
• 不言自明：English is spoken in many countries.（当然是人说的）

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结构：be + 过去分词

关键：时态由 be 承担，过去分词永远不变。

时态	主动	被动
一般现在	They clean the room every day.	The room is cleaned every day.
一般过去	They cleaned it yesterday.	It was cleaned yesterday.
现在完成	They have cleaned it.	It has been cleaned.
一般将来	They will clean it.	It will be cleaned.
情态动词	You must finish it.	It must be finished.
现在进行	They are cleaning it.	It is being cleaned.

记住四个公式：

• 现在完成被动：has/have been + 过去分词
• 将来被动：will be + 过去分词
• 情态被动：can/must/should be + 过去分词
• 进行被动：is/are being + 过去分词

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主动变被动的三步

They built the bridge in 1985.

1. 原来的宾语提到句首当主语：The bridge...
2. 动词变成 be + 过去分词，时态跟原句：was built
3. 原主语用 by 引出（常常省略）：(by them)

The bridge was built in 1985.

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by 什么时候要写

只有当执行者重要时才写：

• The book was written by Lu Xun.（作者重要，要写）
• The room was cleaned.（谁打扫的不重要，省略）

PET 考试里，大部分被动句不带 by。 如果一个句子把 by them、by people 写出来，通常显得多余。

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四个易错点

① 只有及物动词能变被动。

happen、appear、arrive、rise、belong 这类不及物动词没有被动形式：

• The accident was happened.（错）→ The accident happened.（对）

② 过去分词不能用过去式代替。

• The bridge was build（错）／was built（对）
• The letter was wrote（错）／was written（对）

③ 双宾语动词有两种被动。

He gave me a book. →
I was given a book.（更常用）／ A book was given to me.

④ 使役动词变被动要还原 to。

They made him work.（主动，make sb do 不带 to）
→ He was made to work.（被动，to 回来了）

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PET 里被动出现在哪

• 阅读 Part 6：填 was / were / been / being
• 写作：描述过程、规则、事实时用（The concert is held every year.）
• 听力：公共广播大量使用（Passengers are asked to...）

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练习：把下面五句变被动

1. They clean the classroom every day.
2. Someone has stolen my phone.
3. People will build a new library here.
4. You must finish the work today.
5. Shakespeare wrote this play.