条件句:第一类与第二类
约 14 分钟
条件句是「如果……就……」,B1 要求掌握前两类。
第一类条件句:真实可能发生的事
公式:If + 一般现在时, 主句 will + 动词原形
- If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.
- If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
- If I have time, I'll help you.
核心规则:主将从现——if 从句里绝对不能用 will。
- If it will rain(错)→ If it rains(对)
这条规则同样适用于 when / before / after / as soon as / until 引导的时间状语从句:
- I'll call you when I get home.(不是 when I will get)
- Wait here until he comes.(不是 until he will come)
主句还可以用别的形式:
- 情态动词:If you're tired, you can rest.
- 祈使句:If you see him, tell him to call me.
- may/might:If it rains, we might cancel it.
第二类条件句:与现在事实相反的假设
公式:If + 一般过去时, 主句 would + 动词原形
- If I were you, I would take the job.(我不是你——假设)
- If I had a million dollars, I would travel the world.(我没有——假设)
- If she knew the answer, she would tell us.(她不知道)
两个关键点:
① be 动词一律用 were(所有人称):
- If I were you...(不是 was)
- If he were here...
虽然口语里 was 也常听到,但考试里写 were 最稳。
② 从句用过去式,但说的是现在。 这是「虚拟」的意思——用过去时表示「不真实」。
两类条件句的对比(考点)
| 第一类 | 第二类 | |
|---|---|---|
| 表示 | 可能发生 | 不太可能/与事实相反 |
| if 从句 | 一般现在时 | 一般过去时(be 用 were) |
| 主句 | will + 原形 | would + 原形 |
| 例 | If it rains, I'll stay in.(可能真下雨) | If I were a bird, I would fly.(不可能) |
同一件事,两种说法,语气完全不同:
- If I have enough money, I'll buy a car.(有希望攒够)
- If I had enough money, I'd buy a car.(现在没钱,只是想想)
三个必备的固定句型
- If I were you, I would... —— 给建议的最佳句型
If I were you, I would talk to the teacher.
- Unless = if not —— 除非
Unless you hurry, you'll miss the bus. = If you don't hurry...
注意:unless 后面用肯定形式,不要再加 not。 - What would you do if...? —— 口语常见提问
PET 里怎么考
- 阅读 Part 6:填 if / unless / would
- 写作:给建议时用 If I were you;谈计划时用第一类
- 口语 Part 3、4:讨论选择时非常有用
If we chose the camera, she would be able to take photos.
练习:填空
- If it ____ (be) sunny tomorrow, we ____ (go) to the beach.
- If I ____ (be) you, I ____ (not buy) that phone.
- ____ you leave now, you'll be late.(除非)
- I'll tell him ____ he ____ (arrive).(等他到)
- If she ____ (have) more time, she ____ (learn) the piano.(她现在没时间)
小纸条
第一类和第二类条件句的公式各是什么?unless 后面用肯定还是否定形式?
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