宾语从句与间接引语

把别人的话转述出来，是 B1 的核心能力之一。

---

一、宾语从句的三条规则

规则一：用陈述语序（最重要）

不管原句是不是疑问句，从句里一律主语在前、动词在后：

• Do you know where he lives?（不是 where does he live）
• Can you tell me what time it is?（不是 what time is it）
• I don't know who she is.（不是 who is she）

这是中国学生最常犯的错。

规则二：连接词的选择

原句类型	用什么连接
陈述句	that（口语常省略）
一般疑问句（Yes/No）	if / whether
特殊疑问句	原来的疑问词（what / where / when / why / how）

• He said (that) he was tired.
• I asked if/whether she liked it.
• I don't know where he went.

规则三：时态呼应

主句是过去时，从句要往过去退一格：

直接引语	间接引语
一般现在 →	一般过去
一般过去 →	过去完成
现在完成 →	过去完成
will →	would
can →	could
may →	might
must →	had to

He said, "I am tired." → He said he was tired.
She said, "I will come." → She said she would come.
He said, "I have finished." → He said he had finished.

唯一的例外：客观真理不退

The teacher said the earth goes round the sun.（不用 went）

---

二、间接引语还要改三样东西

① 人称

He said, "I like your book." → He said he liked my book.

② 时间词

直接	间接
now	then
today	that day
tomorrow	the next day
yesterday	the day before
last week	the week before
next year	the following year

③ 地点和指示词

直接	间接
here	there
this	that
these	those
come	go

---

三、转述不同句型

陈述句 → say / tell

"I'm busy," he said. → He said (that) he was busy.
注意：tell 后面必须跟人（tell me that...），say 后面不跟人（say to me）。

疑问句 → ask

"Are you ready?" → He asked if/whether I was ready.
"Where do you live?" → He asked where I lived.

祈使句 → tell / ask sb to do

"Close the door." → He told me to close the door.
"Please help me." → He asked me to help him.
"Don't be late." → He told me not to be late.

祈使句的转述最简单：直接用 tell/ask sb (not) to do，不用管时态。

---

四、PET 里怎么考

• 阅读：文章里大量间接引语（The writer says that...）
• 听力：转述别人的话
• 写作：在故事里转述对话，比全用引号自然
• 口语 Part 4：转述搭档的观点（He thinks that... but I believe...）——这是加分句型

---

练习：变成间接引语

1. He said, "I am reading a book."
2. She asked, "Do you like coffee?"
3. "Where are you going?" my mother asked.
4. The teacher said, "Don't talk in class."
5. Tom said, "I will call you tomorrow."