Part 5 之冠词与代词专攻
约 13 分钟
介词之外,Part 5 挖得最多的就是冠词和代词。这两类词的规则不多,但必须条件反射。
一、冠词填空的三步判断
第一步:这个名词是「第一次提到」还是「已经提过」?
- 第一次 → a / an
- 已经提过、或双方都知道 → the
I saw a dog in the street. The dog was very small.
第二步:a 还是 an?看发音。
- 元音音素开头 → an:an apple, an hour, an MP3
- 辅音音素开头 → a:a book, a university, a useful tool
第三步:有没有必须用 the 的信号?
| 信号 | 例 |
|---|---|
| 最高级 | the best, the tallest |
| 序数词 | the first, the second |
| 独一无二 | the sun, the world |
| 乐器 | play the piano |
| 方位 | in the morning, on the left |
| same / only | the same, the only one |
什么都不填的情况(Part 5 也会挖,但答案是别的词):球类(play football)、三餐(have lunch)、学科(study English)、复数泛指(Dogs are friendly)、by + 交通工具。
二、代词填空
先判断位置,再定形式:
| 位置 | 用什么 | 例 |
|---|---|---|
| 动词前(主语) | 主格 I/he/she/they | They are my friends. |
| 动词、介词后 | 宾格 me/him/her/them | Give it to them. |
| 名词前 | 形容词性物主 my/his/their | This is their house. |
| 独立使用 | 名词性物主 mine/his/theirs | This book is mine. |
Part 5 的代词题几乎都是「指代前文」——填空处指的是前面提过的哪个人或物?
Lisa has two brothers. They are both at university.(they = two brothers)
I bought a new phone. I like it very much.(it = phone)
做法:往前找最近的那个名词,看它是单数还是复数、是人还是物。
三、there 和 it 的固定用法(高频)
- There is / are + 名词:表示「有」
- There are many books on the desk.
- 注意 be 跟紧挨着的那个名词走:There is a book and two pens.(就近原则)
- It 作形式主语/指天气时间距离:
- It is raining. / It is five o'clock. / It is 3 km from here.
- It takes me an hour to get there.
区分:说「某地有某物」用 there;说天气、时间、距离用 it。
四、其他常挖的小词
| 词 | 用法 |
|---|---|
| some / any | some 用于肯定句和礼貌请求;any 用于否定和疑问 |
| much / many | much 配不可数,many 配可数复数 |
| another / other | another + 单数;other + 复数;the other 两者中的另一个 |
| both / all | both 两者,all 三者以上 |
| each / every | 都跟单数名词 |
| so / such | so + 形容词;such + a + 形容词 + 名词 |
练习:填一个词
- I have ____ apple and ____ banana. ____ apple is red.
- Tom and Jack are brothers. ____ live near my house.
- ____ are three books on the table.
- ____ takes me twenty minutes to walk to school.
- She is ____ tallest girl in our class.
- Would you like ____ tea?
小纸条
Part 5 填代词时的基本做法是什么?There is 和 It is 分别用在什么场合?
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